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Original Date Announced
January 29, 2020DHS begins processing Brazilian migrants for return to Mexico under the Migrant Protection Protocols. [ID #127]
See Biden administration action below.
DHS expands MPP to Brazilian nationalsEffective Date
January 29, 2020Subsequent Trump-Era and Court Action(s)
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March 11, 2020
ACLU | Innovation Law Lab v. Wolf
A federal district court enjoined the MPP policy on Apr. 8, 2019. 9th Circuit stayed the injunction pending appeal, and then affirmed the injunction on Feb. 28, 2020. Supreme Court stayed the injunction on Mar. 11, 2020, allowing MPP to continue in force. Supreme Court granted cert on Oct. 19, 2020. Oral argument is expected in Feb. 2021. See Innovation Law Lab v. Wolf (N.D. Cal. 3:19-cv-00807)(9th Cir. 19-15716)(SCOTUS 19-1212).
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**Litigation is listed for informational purposes and is not comprehensive. For the current status of legal challenges, check other sources.** -
August 13, 2021
2021.08.13 Texas v. Biden, Case No. 2-21-cv-00067-Z (N.D. Texas, Aug. 13, 2021)
On August 13, 2021, Judge Matthew J. Kacsmaryk for the Northern District of Texas Amarillo Division enjoined the Biden administration's June 1, 2021 memo that ended MPP, requiring the Biden administration to re-start implementing and enforcing MPP with monthly status reports to the court. The case is State of Texas v. Biden, 2:21-cv-00067-Z. The injunction is nationwide and was stayed for one week for the Biden administration to seek an appeal. The Fifth Circuit declined to further stay the injunction on August 19, 2021. On August 24, the Supreme Court denied the government's motion for an emergency stay. The Fifth Circuit decision indicated that the government retains the option to parole asylum seekers into the U.S. and is not limited to "return to Mexico or detain" as the district court decision stated. The government's appeal of the district court decision and injunction is pending with the Fifth Circuit as of August 27, 2021.
** Litigation is listed for informational purposes and is not comprehensive. For the current status of legal challenges, check other sources.**
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Biden Administration Action: Revoked/Replaced
June 1, 20212021.06.01 Termination of the Migrant Protection Protocols Program
This Biden administration policy revokes in its entirety the Trump-era policy identified in this entry.
On June 1, 2021, DHS issued a policy memorandum signed by Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas terminating the MPP Program. The memorandum instructs DHS personnel to take the necessary steps to rescind implementing guidance and other policy guidance related to the program.
View DocumentBiden Administration Action: Revoked/Replaced
October 29, 20212021.10.29 MPP Termination Memo and Justification
This Biden administration policy memo again revokes in its entirety the Trump-era policy identified in this entry.
On October 29, 2021, DHS Secretary Mayorkas issued a new memo terminating the MPP program. The Biden administration remains under a court order requiring that it implement MPP in good faith. The program cannot be terminated until the current preliminary injunction is lifted and is no longer in effect.
View DocumentBiden Administration Action: Modified
December 2, 20212021.12.02 Guidance regarding the Court-Ordered Reimplementation of the Migrant Protection Protocols
This Biden administration policy reimplements the Trump-era policy identified in this entry.
Referencing the court order to reimplement MPP, DHS provides updated guidance on its good-faith reimplementation of MPP until the courts vacate the order to reimplement. This guidance includes substantive changes to the implementation of MPP made in consultation with the Mexican government.
View DocumentCurrent Status
Partially in effectJune 1, 2021Acted on by Biden Administration
October 29, 2021Acted on by Biden Administration
December 2, 2021Acted on by Biden Administration
Original Trump Policy Status
Status: Final/Actual In LitigationTrump Administration Action: Agency DirectiveSubject Matter: Humanitarian Asylum, Withholding and CAT Hearings and Adjudications BorderAssociated or Derivative Policies
- December 20, 2018 DHS announces Migrant Protection Protocols
Pre Trump-Era Policies
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January 25, 2019
Prior to MPP, an asylum seeker at the border or a Port of Entry, upon demonstrating a credible fear of persecution, was permitted to wait in the U.S. pending their removal hearing and asylum adjudication.
Policy Guidance for Implementation of the Migrant Protection Protocols