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ICE issues guidance on Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP)

  1. Original Date Announced

    February 12, 2019

    ICE issues policy guidance following the Trump Administration's December 2018 announcement of the Migrant Protection Protocols. The ICE guidance provides an overview of MPP and ICE's role in returning certain migrants arriving from Mexico to Mexico for the duration of their immigration proceedings.

    [ID #70]

    Migrant Protection Protocols Guidance to ICE Field Offices and ERO 1. Implementation of the Migrant Protection Protocols
  2. Effective Date

    February 12, 2019
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  4. Biden Administration Action

    January 20, 2021

    DHS Statement on the Suspension of New Enrollments in the Migrant Protection Protocols Program

    This Biden administration policy modifies the Trump-era policy identified in this entry.

    On January 20, 2021, DHS announced it would stop new enrollments in the MPP program: “Effective tomorrow, January 21, the Department will cease adding individuals into the program. However, current COVID-19 non-essential travel restrictions, both at the border and in the region, remain in place at this time. All current MPP participants should remain where they are, pending further official information from U.S. government officials.”

    View Document
  5. Biden Administration Action: Revoked/Replaced

    June 1, 2021

    2021.06.01 Termination of the Migrant Protection Protocols Program

    This Biden administration policy revokes in its entirety the Trump-era policy identified in this entry.

    On June 1, 2021, DHS issued a policy memorandum signed by Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas terminating the MPP program. The memorandum instructs DHS personnel to take the necessary steps to rescind related implementing guidance and other policy guidance.

    View Document
  6. Biden Administration Action: Revoked/Replaced

    October 29, 2021

    Termination of the Migrant Protection Protocols

    On October 29, 2021, DHS Secretary Mayorkas issued a new memo terminating the MPP program. The Biden administration remained enjoined to re-implement MPP in good faith.

    View Document
  7. Biden Administration Action: Modified

    December 2, 2021

    2021.12.02 Guidance regarding the Court-Ordered Reimplementation of the Migrant Protection Protocols

    This Biden administration policy re-implements the Trump-era policy identified in this entry.

    Under the injunction to reimplement MPP, on December 2, 2021, DHS provided updated and comprehensive guidance on its good-faith reimplementation until the injunction is vacated. The guidance included substantive changes in MPP's implementation made in consultation with the Government of Mexico.

    View Document
  8. Biden Administration Action: Revoked/Replaced

    August 8, 2022

    2022.08.08 Update regarding Court Ordered Reimplementation of the Migrant Protection Protocols

    On August 8, 2022, after the Northern District of Texas vacated its 2021 injunction ordering the Biden administration to reimplement MPP, DHS announced the program's rollback on its website, writing that "[i]ndividuals are no longer being newly enrolled in MPP, and individuals currently in MPP in Mexico will be disenrolled when they return for their next scheduled court date."

    View Document

Current Status

Partially in effect

Most Recent Action

August 8, 2022 Action: Revoked/Replaced 2022.08.08 Update regarding Court Ordered Reimplementation of the Migrant Protection Protocols
January 20, 2021
Acted on by Biden Administration
June 1, 2021
Acted on by Biden Administration
October 29, 2021
Acted on by Biden Administration
December 2, 2021
Acted on by Biden Administration
August 8, 2022
Acted on by Biden Administration

Original Trump Policy Status

Trump Administration Action: Agency Directive
Agencies Affected: ICE EOIR

Pre Trump-Era Policies

  • December 23, 2008

    Previously, individuals expressing a fear of return were referred to an asylum officer for a credible or reasonable fear interview, and were permitted to wait in the U.S. pending adjudication of their claim.

    8 U.S. Code § 1158

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