Original Date Announced

President Trump signs an executive order (EO) expanding the scope of the national emergency declared on January 20, 2025 (see Proc. 10886: "Declaring a National Emergency at the Southern Border of the United States") to "cover the failure of Mexico to arrest, seize, detain, or otherwise intercept" drug trafficking activities at the U.S.-Mexico border. The order invokes the National Emergencies Act (NEA) and International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose "an additional 25 percent ad valorem rate of duty" on Mexican products imported to the U.S. The order also directs DOS, DOJ, DHS, and NSA to "regularly consult . . . on the situation at our southern border" and report to the President on actions Mexico takes to "alleviate the illegal migration and illicit drug crisis."

Trump 2.0 [ID #1518]

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2025.02.03 EO 14198 - Progress on the Situation at Our Southern Border

President Trump issued an executive order pausing the implementation of tariffs on Mexico until at least March 4, 2025 due to Mexico having taken "immediate steps designed to alleviate the illegal migration and illicit drug crisis" at the U.S.-Mexico border.

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2025.02.04 Reported: Mexico Deploys 10,000 National Guard Members to U.S. Border - The New York Times

The New York Times reports that "as part of her deal with President Trump to stave off steep tariffs on Mexico for a month, President Claudia Sheinbaum pledged to send 10,000 additional members of the country’s National Guard to the border to 'prevent drug trafficking from Mexico to the United States, particularly fentanyl.'"

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2025.03.02 EO 14227 - Amendment to Duties To Address the Situation at Our Southern Border

President Trump issued EO 14227, which amends Section 2(g) of EO 14194. This change makes it so that instead of disallowing duty-free de minimis treatment for all of the eligible covered articles in subsection (a), de minimis treatment will cease "upon notification by the Secretary of Commerce to the President that adequate systems are in place to fully and expeditiously process and collect tariff revenue applicable pursuant to subsection (a)[.]"

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2025.03.06 CBP - Notice of Implementation of Additional Duties on Products of Mexico Pursuant to EO 14194

CBP published a notice stating that the duties and tariffs on imports from Mexico called for in EO 14194 take effect starting March 4, 2025.

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2025.03.06 EO 14232 - Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Southern Border

President Trump issued EO 14232, adjusting the tariffs imposed on Mexico by EO 14194. The amendment states that goods entering the U.S. from Mexico "shall not be subject to the additional ad valorem rate of duty described in section 2(a) of Executive Order 14194" as long as they comply with the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) "as related to the Agreement between the United States of America, United Mexican States, and Canada [USMCA]." These modifications shall be effective with respect to goods entered for consumption "on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern standard time on March 7, 2025."

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2025.03.08 CBP - Statement on Tariffs

CBP released a statement explaining how the executive orders instating tariff updates for imports from China, Hong Kong, Canada, and Mexico will be implemented under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act: 

• Additional 25% tariffs on goods that do not satisfy U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) rules of origin. 
• A lower, additional 10% tariff on energy products imported from Canada that fall outside the USMCA preference. 
• A lower, additional 10% tariff on potash imported from Canada and Mexico that falls outside the USMCA preference. 
• Additional 20% on goods from China and Hong Kong (increased from 10% on March 4). 
• Effective March 7, 2025, no additional tariffs are due on goods from Canada and Mexico that qualify for the USMCA preference. 

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2025.03.11 CBP - Amendment to Notice of Implementation of Additional Duties on Products of Mexico Pursuant to EO 14194

CBP issued an amendment to the notice of implementation to modify the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. The duties and tariffs on imports from Mexico called for in EO 14194, and as amended by subsequent executive orders, are set out in the Annex to the notice and are effective starting March 7, 2025.

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2026.01.12 President Trump - Continuation of the National Emergencies With Respect to the Southern Border of the United States and Cartels and Other Transnational Organizations

President Trump continued the 2025 national emergency declared in EO 14194 for an additional year beyond its anniversary date of February 1, stating that the “circumstances related to these emergencies continue to pose unusual and extraordinary threats to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States.”

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2026.02.20 Opinion - Learning Resources v. Trump

The Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not authorize the president to impose tariffs. Learning Resources Inc. v. Trump, No. 24-1287 (U.S.).

**Link to case here. Our litigation entries generally report only the initial complaint and any major substantive filings or decisions. For additional information, CourtListener provides access to PACER and all available pleadings. Other sites that track litigation in more detail or organize cases by topic include Civil Rights Clearinghouse, Justice Action Center, National Immigration Litigation Alliance, and Just Security**

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2026.03.05 Order - Atmus Filtration v. United States

The U.S. Court of International Trade issued an order directing CBP to liquidate (meaning process) any unliquidated entries (imported shipment paperwork) subject to IEEPA duties without regard to IEEPA tariffs. For liquidated entries that are not yet final, the court ordered CBP to reliquidate those entries without IEEPA tariffs. Atmus Filtration v. United States, No. 1:26-cv-01259 (Ct. Intl. Trade).

**Link to case here. See litigation note above**

Subsequent Trump and Court Action

2026.05.27 Order - V.O.S. Selections v. United States

The U.S. Court of International Trade ordered CBP Commissioner Rodney Scott to appear in court to testify about the anticipated timing of CBP's compliance with the court's April 17, 2026 order to remove or refund certain tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). The order to refund certain tariffs is Docket No. 82, available here. V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. United States, No. 1:25-cv-00066 (Ct. Intl. Trade).

**Link to case here. See litigation note above**